Linux网络服务-LAMP之基于NFS+Fastcgi的LAMP搭建

一、概述：  

   上篇博客《Linux网络服务-LAMP之Php基于Apache的模块实现》介绍了一个由基于 Centos6.5_x86-64+Httpd+Php(module)+Mysql 构建的一个简单的 LAMP 环境，其中中我使用 Php 基于 httpd 服务的一部分、然后再结合 mysql 一同工作；也归纳了 httpd 与 Php 结合的常见三种方式，以及和 mysql 它们三者之间是如何通信的，最后实现了一个博客系统的部署。
   现在假设就上篇博文中的拓扑图来讲，我的 httpd 服务器不足以满足需求，需要多增加一台，以达到平均分摊工作量的目的，于是我就加了一台和之前一样的 httpd 服务器，可是现在又遇到一个问题他们之间的网页数据存放该如何解决，又如何能达到两台 httpd 服务器存的数据能一模一样，于是引入了 NFS 这个概念，首先需要了解，什么是 NFS ，它是如何工作的？
   NFS ，是 Network File System 的简写，即 网络文件系统 。 NFS 会经常用到，用于在网络上共享存储。这样讲，你对 NFS 可能不太了解，我不妨举一个例子来说明 一下 NFS 是用来做什么的。假如有三台机器 A 、 B 、 C ，它们需要访问同一个目录，目录中都是图片，传统的做法是把这些图片分别放到 A 、 B 、 C 。但是使用 NFS 只需要放到 A 上，然后 A 共享给 B 和 C 即可。访问的时候， B 和 C 是通过网络的方式去访问 A 上的那个目录的。 它的配置我将在下面的实验中展开。先看一下图吧：

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==================================安装DNS服务==================================

[root@ns ~]# yum intall -y bind

首先要到达DNS轮询的方式我们需要在主配置文件中填以下代码：
options {
    rrset-order {  class IN type A name "www.maoqiu.com" order cyclic;  };
};
rrset-order 支持三个参数：fixed, random, cyclic.
fixed  会将多个A记录按配置文件的顺序固定给出
random 会随机给出
cyclic 会循环给出
#注销以下信息
[root@ns ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
//      listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
//      listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { any; };
        recursion yes;
//      dnssec-enable yes;
//      dnssec-validation yes;
//      dnssec-lookaside auto;
        /* Path to ISC DLV key */
        bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
rrset-order {  class IN type A name "www.maoqiu.com" order cyclic； };  #→新添加的内容
        managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};
zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
//include "/etc/named.root.key";
#继续编辑/etc/named.rfc1912.zons配置文件为其创建区域信息
[root@ns ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
#在文件最后添加以下信息
zone "maoqiu.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "maoqiu.com.zone"
};
zone "41.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "172.16.41.zone"
};
#检查主配置文件语法
[root@ns ~]# named-checkconf#→如果执行结果没有任何输出则表示语法上面对了，但是不能保证我们填写的信息是对的，等下看看，有问题再修改
[root@ns ~]#

[root@ns ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@ns named]# vim maoqiu.com.zone #→创建正向区域配置文件
$TTL 6400
@       IN SOA  ns.maoqiu.com. admin.maoqiu.com (
                                2014032701      ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        IN      NS      ns
ns      IN      A       172.16.41.3
www     IN      A       172.16.41.1
www     IN      A       172.16.41.2
[root@ns named]# vim 172.16.41.zone #→创建反向区域配置文件
$TTL 6400
@       IN SOA  ns.maoqiu.com. admin.maoqiu.com (
                                2014032701      ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        IN      NS      ns.maoqiu.com.
3       IN      PTR     ns.maoqiu.com.
1       IN      PTR     www.maoqiu.com.
2       IN      PTR    www.maoqiu.com.
[root@ns named]# named-checkzone maoqiu.com /var/named/maoqiu.com.zone  #→检查正向区域配置文件语法
zone maoqiu.com/IN: loaded serial 2014032701
OK
[root@ns named]# named-checkzone 41.16.172.in-addr.arpa  /var/named/172.16.41.zone #→检查反向区域配置文件语法
zone 41.16.172.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 2014032701
OK
[root@ns named]#

[root@ns named]# chmod 640 maoqiu.com.zone 172.16.41.zone
[root@ns named]# chown root:named maoqiu.com.zone 172.16.41.zone

[root@ns named]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search maoqiu.com
nameserver 172.16.41.3

[root@ns named]# service named start
Starting named:                 [  OK  ]
[root@ns named]# ss -tunl | grep :53
udp    UNCONN     0      0            172.16.41.3:53                    *:*  
udp    UNCONN     0      0              127.0.0.1:53                    *:*  
tcp    LISTEN     0      3            172.16.41.3:53                    *:*  
tcp    LISTEN     0      3              127.0.0.1:53                    *:*  
[root@ns named]#

[root@www ~]# echo "<h1>web1</h1>" >/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
[root@www ~]# service httpd2 start
Starting httpd:
[root@www ~]#
[root@www ~]# echo "<h1>web2</h1>" >/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
[root@www ~]# service httpd2 start
Starting httpd:
[root@www ~]#

650) this.width=650;" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/16/20221116044956413.jpg" title="DNS解析.png" />
650) this.width=650;" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/16/20221116044956562.jpg" title="DNS解析1.png" />

ok.看来DNS正常能够做到轮询了

==================================安装NFS服务==================================

[root@fast ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sda3
#创建共享目录，并挂载此分区
[root@fast ~]# mkdir /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
[root@fast ~]# mount /dev/sda3 /webshared/
[root@fast ~]# vim /etc/fstab#→实现开机自动挂载
/dev/sda3               /usr/local/apache2/htdocs           ext4    defaults,acl    0 0

#查看是否安装了服务器端程序
[root@fast ~]# rpm -qa | grep nfs
nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-6.el6.x86_64
nfs-utils-1.2.3-39.el6.x86_64  #→服务安装程序
nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-6.el6.x86_64
[root@fast ~]# vim /etc/exports
/usr/local/apache2/htdocs      172.16.41.1(rw,async,no_root_squash) 172.16.41.2(rw,async,no_root_squash)

[root@fast ~]# service nfs start
Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting NFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting NFS mountd:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting NFS daemon:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting RPC idmapd:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@fast ~]# showmount -e localhost  #→本地测试没有问题
Export list for localhost:
/webshared 172.16.41.2,172.16.41.1
[root@www ~]# showmount -e 172.16.41.4 #→在nfs客户端(web1)执行，探查fastcgi主机所导出的nfs文件系统
Export list for 172.16.41.4:
/webshared 172.16.41.2,172.16.41.1
[root@www ~]#
[root@www ~]# showmount -e 172.16.41.4 #→在nfs客户端(web2)执行，探查fastcgi主机所导出的nfs文件系统
Export list for 172.16.41.4:
/webshared 172.16.41.2,172.16.41.1
[root@www ~]#

[root@www ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.41.4:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs /usr/local/apache2/htdocs  #→在web1上挂载
[root@www ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.41.4:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs /usr/local/apache2/htdocs  #→在web2上挂载

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/fstab
172.16.41.4:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs /usr/local/apache2/htdocs nfs    defaults        0 0
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/fstab
172.16.41.4:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs /usr/local/apache2/htdocs nfs    defaults        0 0
#注意我是在两台web服务器上做的操作哦，不要认为我做了两遍.

==================================编译安装Php==================================

[root@fast ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"
[root@fast ~]# yum -yinstall bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel

[root@fast ~]# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2
[root@fast ~]# cd php-5.4.26
[root@fast ~]## ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php  --with-openssl  --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml  --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt  --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd
[root@fast ~]# make
[root@fast ~]# make test
[root@fast ~]# make install

[root@fast ~]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

#为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本，并将其添加至服务列表：
[root@fast ~]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm  /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@fast ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@fast ~]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@fast ~]# chkconfig php-fpm on

[root@fast ~]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

[root@fast ~]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
#配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值，并启用pid文件（如下最后一行）：
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
pid = run/php-fpm.pid #→将此行取消注释

[root@fast ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@fast ~]#
#使用如下命令来验正（如果此命令输出有中几个php-fpm进程就说明启动成功了）：
[root@fast ~]# ps -aux | grep php
#默认情况下，fpm监听在127.0.0.1的9000端口，也可以使用如下命令验正其是否已经监听在相应的套接字。
# netstat -tnlp | grep php-fpm
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      689/php-fpm
#php-fpm是为外面的httpd服务的，故我们需要将它的监听端口改为172.16.41.4
[root@fast ~]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
listen= 172.16.41.4:9000

=============================配置httpd-2.4.9=============================

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd2/httpd.conf
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so   #→启用
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so  #→启用

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd2/httpd.conf
#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"  将此行注释掉
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"
    ServerName www.maoqiu.com
    ErrorLog "logs/discuz-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/discuz-access_log" common
        </Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
        </Directory>
        ProxyRequests Off
        ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://172.16.41.4:9000/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/$1
<IfModule dir_module>
  DirectoryIndex  index.php index.html
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd2/httpd.conf
#添加如下二行
   AddType application/x-httpd-php  .php
   AddType application/x-httpd-php-source  .phps
#定位至DirectoryIndex index.html
   修改为：
    DirectoryIndex  index.php  index.html

[root@fast ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.php
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

[root@fast ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.php
<?php
$link = mysql_connect(‘172.16.41.5‘,‘guomaoqiu‘,‘guo.150019‘);
        if ($link)
                echo "Connect to Mysql server success!";
        else
                echo "Connect to Mysql server failure!";
        mysql_close();
        phpinfo();
?>

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -pguo.150019
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.33-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘guomaoqiu‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘guo.150019‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| host             | user      | password                                  |
+------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost        | root      | *736C3B5499F163A84CCB2C0F176F3ABC93410FB5 |
| mysql.maoqiu.com | root      | *736C3B5499F163A84CCB2C0F176F3ABC93410FB5 |
| 127.0.0.1        | root      | *736C3B5499F163A84CCB2C0F176F3ABC93410FB5 |
| %                | guomaoqiu | *736C3B5499F163A84CCB2C0F176F3ABC93410FB5 |
| %                | worduser  | *736C3B5499F163A84CCB2C0F176F3ABC93410FB5 |
+------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> quit

在客户端输入http://www.maoqiu.com

650) this.width=650;" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/16/20221116044957545.jpg" title="链接数据库.png" />

ok,链接数据库成功，最后一步就是搭建一个论坛看一下是否能同步数据：

==================================安装phpwind==================================

[root@fast ~]# unzip phpwind_v9.0_utf8.zip
[root@fast ~]# cd phpwind_v9.0_utf8
[root@fast phpwind_v9.0_utf8]# cd upload/
#将这个包里面的文件全部移动到nfs服务器的/usr/local/apache2/htdocs目录中
[root@fast upload]# mv * /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/
mv: overwrite `/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.php‘? y
#因为这个软件包里面有index.php这个文件，所以我们直接覆盖之前的那个测试文件
[root@fast upload]#

[root@fast htdocs]# chmod -R a+rw attachment conf data html src themes windid

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -pguo.150019
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.33-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CREATE DATABASE winddb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL  PRIVILEGES  ON winddb.* TO ‘winduser‘@‘%‘  IDENTIFIED  by ‘guo.150019‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql>

本文出自 “一叶知秋” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://maoqiu.blog.51cto.com/8570467/1386643

原文：http://maoqiu.blog.51cto.com/8570467/1386643