nginx+keepalived高可用性负载均衡

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/hnlihao/p/3547445.html 一、前言 nginx进程基于于Master+Slave(worker)多进程模型，自 身具有非常稳定的子进程管理功能。在Master进程分配模式下，Master进程永远不进行业务处理，只是进行任务分发，从而达到Master进程的存 活高可靠性，Slave(worker)进程所有的业务信号都 由主进程发出，Slave(worker)进程所有的超时任务都会被Master中止，属于非阻塞式任务模型。 Keepalived是Linux下面实现VRRP 备份路由的高可靠性运行件。基于Keepalived设计的服务模式能够真正做到主服务器和备份服务器故障时IP瞬间无缝交接。二者结合，可以构架出比较稳定的软件lb方案。 二、nginx+keepalived架构实战 采用两台服务器做nginx主备，后端采用两个realserver（可以随意扩展），数据库采用mysql主从（这里就不说主从的配置了！） 1、?架构图如下： ????????????? ???????

Server	ip
nginx master	192.168.1.108
nginx backup	192.168.1.110
vip	192.168.1.100
real server1	192.168.1.105
real server2	192.168.1.103

? 2、?安装配置 （1）、安装keepalived（在nginx的mater和backup都安装） ?wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.19
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make
make install
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
cd /etc/keepalived/ ?配置nginx master的keepalived配置文件 [root@zhang1 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ? bal_defs { ??????? notification_email { ?????????????? jimo291@gmail.com ??????? } ??????? notification_email_from jimo291@gmail.com ??????? smtp_server 127.0.0.1 ??????? smtp_connect_timeout 30 ??????? router_id test1 ? } ? vrrp_instance VI_1 { ??????? state MASTER ??????? interface eth0 ??????? virtual_router_id 51 ??????? priority 100 ??????? advert_int 1 ??????? smtp_alert ??????? authentication { ??????????????? auth_type PASS ??????????????? auth_pass 123 ??????? } ??????? virtual_ipaddress { ??????????????? 192.168.1.100 ??????? } } ? ??????????? 配置nginx backup的keepalived配置文件 ?????? [root@zhang1 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ? bal_defs { ??????? notification_email { ??????????????? jimo291@gmail.com ??????? } ??????? notification_email_from jimo291@gmail.com ??????? smtp_server 127.0.0.1 ??????? smtp_connect_timeout 30 ??????? router_id test2 ? } ? vrrp_instance VI_1 { ??????? state BACKUP
??????? interface eth0 ??????? virtual_router_id 51 ??????? priority 80
??????? advert_int 1 ??????? smtp_alert ??????? authentication { ????????????? ??auth_type PASS ??????????????? auth_pass 123 ??????? } ??????? virtual_ipaddress { ??????????????? 192.168.1.100 ??????? } } ? ??????????? 启动keepalived！，查看虚拟IP是否绑定！ ??????????? [root@zhang1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived start ??????????? Starting keepalived:?????????????????????????????????????? [?OK?] ??????????? [root@zhang1 ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue ??? link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 ??? inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo ??? inet6 ::1/128 scope host ?????? valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 ??? link/ether 00:0c:29:65:b4:ed brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ??? inet 192.168.1.108/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 ??? inet 192.168.1.100/32 scope global eth0 ??? inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe65:b4ed/64 scope link ?????? valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 ??? link/ether 00:0c:29:65:b4:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop ??? link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0 ???????? 红色部分显示IP已经加载过来了！ ? 3、?nginx的安装和配置 ?1、创建供Nginx使用的组和帐号：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www 2、编译安装rewrite模块支持包
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.7/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../ 3、编译安装Nginx
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.64.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.64.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.64/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_flv_module
make && make install
cd ../ 4、备份默认nginx.conf配置文件
mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf? /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.old 5、配置nginx(两个nginx配置一样！) [root@linux4 keepalived]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf user??? www???? www; worker_processes 8; pid???? /var/run/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; ? events { ??????? use epoll; ??????? worker_connections????? 5120; } ? http { ??????? include?????????? mime.types; ??????? default_type?application/octet-stream; ??????? charset?gb2312; ? ??????? server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; ??????? client_header_buffer_size 32k; ??????? large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; ? ??????? sendfile on; ??????? tcp_nopush???????? on; ??????? keepalive_timeout 60; ? ??????? tcp_nodelay on; ??????? gzip on; ??????? gzip_min_length?1k; ??????? gzip_buffers???????? 4 16k; ??????? gzip_http_version 1.0; ??????? gzip_comp_level 2; ??????? gzip_types?????????? text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; ??????? gzip_vary on; ? ??????? upstream srtweb { ??????????????? server?192.168.1.105:80; ??????????????? server?192.168.1.103:80; ??????? } ? ? ??????? server { ??????????????? listen 80; ??????????????? server_name www.carl.com; ? ??????????????? location /{ ??????????????????????? proxy_pass????? http://srtweb; ??????????????????????? proxy_set_header Host?? $host; ??????????????????????? proxy_set_header X-Real-IP????? $remote_addr; ??????????????????????? proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; ??????????????? } ? ??????? } ? } ? ? 4、?测试 首先单独对nginx测试看是否工作正常，（更改hosts文件来测试！） 其次对keepalived进行测试，停掉nginx master上的keepalived，看backup服务器是否接管！

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